Importancia del desaguado de depósitos de almacenamiento de relaves: Revisión y análisis de la literatura
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15381/gemma.v1i1.31614Palabras clave:
cierre de depósitos, depósitos de relaves, desaguado de relaves, economía circular, estabilidad física, estabilidad geoquímica, reciclaje de relavesResumen
El propósito de esta investigación es examinar, sistematizar e integrar los hallazgos de las investigaciones realizadas acerca de la importancia del desaguado de los relaves frente al creciente aumento de dichos residuos. Se realizó la revisión y análisis de literatura de 52 publicaciones de la base de datos Scopus, aplicando el diagrama de flujo PRISMA. Los depósitos de relaves convencionales pueden generar filtraciones sobre todo en depósitos que no tienen buena impermeabilización. Al almacenar relaves deshidratados se puede realizar el cierre progresivo y no esperar hasta el final de la vida útil de la operación. El desaguado de relaves es importante en la gestión de los depósitos de relaves adecuándose a la economía circular, ya que por un lado se reduce la huella que dejan los relaves y por otra parte se aprovecha el agua producto del desaguado. En los nuevos proyectos, debe evaluarse de manera integral la vida útil de la mina y determinar la mejor forma de disponer relaves enfocándose en el cierre del depósito. De la revisión sistemática realizada se concluye que el desaguado de relaves es importante tanto para la estabilidad física, estabilidad geoquímica, reaprovechamiento, reutilización, cierre de los depósitos de relaves y economía circular.
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