Public sector marketing and brand image of the Congress of the Republic of Peru
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v28i55.28224Keywords:
marketing strategies, State, public managementAbstract
The objective of this research is to determine how public sector marketing relates to the brand image of the Congress of the Republic among citizens in the district of La Victoria in 2022. An observational, correlational, cross-sectional study was used, with a sample of 384 citizens in the district of La Victoria, selected through non-probabilistic convenience sampling. Two Likert scale questionnaires were used to measure the study variables. The Spearman's Rho correlation test was used with a significance level of 0.05. The results showed a positive, moderate and significant correlation between public sector marketing and brand image (Rho = 0.578, p < 0.05). The relationship was stronger in the product and price dimensions, with values of Rho = 0.543 and Rho = 0.536, respectively. The promotion dimension obtained a Rho = 0.442 and the place dimension, a Rho = 0.309. In conclusion, public sector marketing, as well as each of its dimensions (product, price, place and promotion), is significantly related to the brand image of the Congress of the Republic among citizens in the district of La Victoria.
References
AlAfnan, M. A. (2024). Politic driving behavior in Africa: An investigation into positive and negative politeness through signs and signals. Studies in Media and Communication, 12(1), 11-22. https://doi.org/10.11114/smc.v12i1.6534
Al-Nsour, I. A. (2023). Impact of political marketing mix on voting to the parliamentary candidate: A study on the Jordanian public trends towards the voting of the 19th Parliament. Jordan Journal of Business Administration, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.35516/jjba.v19i1.742
Antoniadis, I., Stathopoulou, M., & Trivellas, P. (2019). Public sector marketing in a period of crisis: perceptions and challenges for the public sector managers. In Strategic Innovative Marketing: 6th IC-SIM, Pafos, Cyprus 2017 (pp. 25-31). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-16099-9_4
Arias, M., Reyes, R., & Torres, C. (2018). The public management of local development from the methodological focus of marketing. Revista Universidad y Sociedad, 10(1), 76-81. http://scielo.sld.cu/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S2218-36202018000100076&lng=es&tlng=en
Banco de Desarrollo de América Latina (9 de abril del 2018). La confianza en instituciones públicas, clave para el crecimiento de América Latina. Corporación Andina de Fomento - CAF. https://www.caf.com/es/actualidad/noticias/2018/04/la-confianza-en-instituciones-publicas-clave-para-el-crecimiento-de-america-latina/
Barría, D., Ostiguy, P., Benítez, D. A., & Poblete, A. (2022). “Cualquier patipelao se siente con derecho a insultar a quienes trabajan en el servicio público”: Debates y tensiones en torno a la dieta parlamentaria en Chile, 1924-2021. Economía y Política, 9(1), 101-136. https://doi.org/10.15691/07194714.2022.004
Bene, M., Petrekanics, M., & Bene, M. (2023). Facebook as a political marketing tool in an illiberal context. Mapping political advertising activity on Facebook during the 2019 Hungarian European Parliament and local election campaigns. Journal of Political Marketing, 22(3-4), 248-266. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2023.2221935
Benites, Y., & Vega, E. (2023). Medición del marketing en el sector público, el caso del poder legislativo peruano. Ciencia Latina Revista Científica Multidisciplinar, 7(5), 1854-1865. https://doi.org/10.37811/cl_rcm.v7i5.7850
Beriain, A., Crisóstomo, R., & Chiva, I. (2022). Comunicación política en España: representación e impacto en redes sociales de los partidos en campaña. Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Políticas y Sociales, 67(235), 335-364. https://doi.org/10.22201/fcpys.2448492xe.2022.244.75881
Boenigk, S., & Möhlmann, M. (2016). A Public Sector Marketing Model to Measure the Social and Environmental Values of Public Strategies: An Empirical Study on a Green Public Service. Journal of Nonprofit & Public Sector Marketing, 28(2), 85–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/10495142.2014.987036
Bringula, R., Tabo, R., Alcazar, F., Delica, J., & Sayson, J. (2023). YouTube Videos on the Achievements of Presidential Candidates: Sentiment and Content Analysis. Journal of Political Marketing, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2023.2202617
Casanoves, J., Küster, I., & Vila, N. (2018). ¿Por qué las instituciones de educación superior deben apostar por la marca? Revista de Investigación Educativa, 37(1), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.6018/rie.37.1.291191
Conway, B. A., Tsetsi, E., Kenski, K., & Shmargad, Y. (2022). Tipping the Twitter vs. news media scale? Conducting a third assessment of intermedia agenda-setting effects during the presidential nomination season. Journal of Political Marketing, 21(3-4), 247-258. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2022.2099582
Corporación Latinobarómetro. (2018). Informe Latinobarómetro 2018. Santiago de Chile. https://www.latinobarometro.org/latdocs/INFORME_2018_LATINOBAROMETRO.pdf
Cusihuamán, G., Aguilar, C., & Alarcón, J. (2020). La imagen, la cultura y la política en el proceso electoral extraordinario 2020 en Arequipa Perú. RSocialium, 4(2), 193–218. https://doi.org/10.26490/uncp.sl.2020.4.2.677
Granda, M. (2019) Marketing e imagen corporativa de la Corporación Nacional de Electricidad. Revista Científica FIPCAEC (Fomento de la investigación y publicación científico-técnica multidisciplinaria), Polo de Capacitación, Investigación y Publicación (POCAIP), 4(12), 30-42. https://doi.org/10.23857/fipcaec.v4i12.63
Ipsos. (2022). Estudio de opinión para El Comercio. [Internet]. Ipsos Perú. https://www.ipsos.com/sites/default/files/ct/news/documents/2022-07/Encuesta%20El%20Comercio%20-%20Ipsos%20al%2015%20de%20julio%202022_V2.pdf
Jovanović, G. (2019). The role of marketing in establishing value to citizens. Ekonomski signali: poslovni magazin, 14(1), 1-9. https://scindeks-clanci.ceon.rs/data/pdf/1452-4457/2019/1452-44571901001J.pdf
Kotler, P., & Lee, N. (2007). Marketing en el sector público todas las claves para su mejora. Pearson Educación.
Kubera, P. (2019). Public marketing-the adaptation of traditional marketing concepts and tools for use by public sector organisations. Zeszyty Naukowe Politechniki Poznańskiej. Organizacja i Zarządzanie, (8), 165-176. http://dx.doi.org/10.21008/j.0239-9415.2019.080.11
Litovtseva, V., Krawczyk, D., Kuzior, A., Brychko, M., & Vasylieva, T. (2022). Marketing research in the context of trust in the public sector: A case of the digital environment. Innovative Marketing, 18(4), 133-147. https://doi.org/10.21511/im.18(4).2022.12
Martínez, E., Montaner, T., & Pina, J. (2004). Propuesta de una metodología. Medición de la imagen de marca. Un estudio exploratorio. Esic market, 35(117), 199-216. https://revistasinvestigacion.esic.edu/esicmarket/index.php/esicm/article/view/22/59
Mas, J. (2018). Museos españoles en Facebook: análisis de su comunicación como museos sociales. Revista Comunicación, 17(2), 159-174. https://doi.org/10.26441/RC17.2-2018-A8
Matos, N., Correia, M., Saura, J., Reyes-Menendez, A., & Baptista, N. (2020). Marketing in the public sector—Benefits and barriers: a bibliometric study from 1931 to 2020. Social Sciences, 9(10), 168. https://doi.org/10.3390/socsci9100168
Moslehpour, M., Schafferer, C., Lewi, S., Kurniawati, D., Pham, V. K., & Faez, S. E. P. (2024). The Influence of Social Media Marketing on Voting Intention in Indonesia. Journal of Political Marketing, 1–28. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2024.2303509
Nastase-Anysz, R., & Baba, A. (2020). Public sector intervention in a period of crisis: Study based on applied relationship marketing principles. European Research Studies Journal, 0(Special 1), 923-935. https://ideas.repec.org/a/ers/journl/vxxiiiy2020ispecial1p923-935.html
Oficina Nacional de Procesos Electorales (ONPE). (2021). Presentación de resultados. Elecciones generales y Parlamento Andino 2021. Onpe.gob.pe. https://resultadoshistorico.onpe.gob.pe/EG2021/
Petrakis, P. (2024). The Legislative Process and Regulatory Interventions in the Greek Democracy: Deep-Rooted Weaknesses and Recommendations for Improvement. Statute Law Review, 45(1). https://doi.org/10.1093/slr/hmae001
Pinzón, G. (2018). Marketing social Para el Fortalecimiento de la Imagen Corporativa de los Organismos Públicos del Municipio Maracaibo. Revistas electrónicas Urbe, 6(2), 22-40. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=7113507
Ponce, C. (2015). Crisis de la representación política del Congreso de la República del Perú. Lex: Revista de la Facultad de Derecho y Ciencia Política de la Universidad Alas Peruanas, 13(15), 171-196. https://dialnet.unirioja.es/servlet/articulo?codigo=5157770
Rivas, J. M. (2022). La representación de intereses en el parlamento: un análisis sobre su viabilidad actual a partir del caso colombiano. Política. Revista de Ciencia Política, 60(1), 121-145. https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-5338.2022.64961
Sánchez Garza, M. N., Sánchez, M. L., Sánchez, Y., & Qalati, S. A. (2024). Marketing activities effects on brand awareness generation, image and loyalty in the social networks of a public higher education institution. Cogent Business & Management, 11(1), 2318809. https://doi.org/10.1080/23311975.2024.2318809
Schmidt, J., & Velásquez, C. (2023). Las 7 P del marketing y su influencia en la gestión comercial de los CITE del Sector Agroindustrial del Perú. Gestión en el Tercer Milenio, 26(52), 131-149. https://doi.org/10.15381/gtm.v26i52.27074
Schuetze, B. (2018). Marketing parliament: The constitutive effects of external attempts at parliamentary strengthening in Jordan. Cooperation and Conflict, 53(2), 237-258. https://doi.org/10.1177/0010836718768632
Simões, I.B. & Silva, S. da C.D. (2019). Marketing político na era digital: Um estudo sobre o uso do Twitter pelos candidatos à presidência no Brasil em 2018. Agenda política, 7(3), 114–137. https://doi.org/10.31990/agenda.2019.3.5
Simons, G. (2018). Brand ISIS: Interactions of the tangible and intangible environments. Journal of Political Marketing, 17(4), 322-353. https://doi.org/10.1080/15377857.2018.1501928
Vărzaru, A. A. (2023). Assessing digital transformation acceptance in public organizations’ marketing. Sustainability, 15(1), 265. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15010265
Yalle, O. (2021). Cultura política y parlamento en el Perú (2011-2016). La corrupción en la percepción de los estudiantes universitarios de Lima. Scientia, 22(22), 289–303. https://doi.org/10.31381/scientia.v22i22.3582
Zaheer, A. N., & Rashid, A. (2017). Analyzing the role of public sector marketing in improving social effectiveness: a case study from Anhui province, China. International Review on Public and Nonprofit Marketing, 14, 57-71. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12208-016-0162-y
Zavaleta, E. M. (2023). La Corrupción en la Administración Pública y su impacto en el desarrollo político, económico y social, en el contexto peruano. Comuni@cción: Revista de Investigación en Comunicación y Desarrollo, 14(1), 72–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.33595/2226-1478.14.1.786
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Yolanda Liliana Benites Salas

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
THE AUTHORS RETAIN THEIR RIGHTS:
(a) The authors retain their trademark and patent rights, and also over any process or procedure described in the article.
(b) The authors retain the right to share, copy, distribute, execute and publicly communicate the article published in Gestión en el Tercer Milenio journal (for example, place it in an institutional repository or publish it in a book), with acknowledgment of its initial publication in the Gestión en el Tercer Milenio.
(c) Authors retain the right to make a subsequent publication of their work, to use the article or any part of it (for example: a compilation of their work, lecture notes, thesis, or for a book), provided that they indicate the source. of publication (authors of the work, magazine, volume, number and date).